Author: Charles A. Nelson<br />File Type: pdf<br />The implications of early experience for childrens brain development, behavior, and psychological functioning have long absorbed caregivers, researchers, and clinicians. The 1989 fall of Romanias Ceausescu regime left approximately 170,000 children in 700 overcrowded, impoverished institutions across Romania, and prompted the most comprehensive study to date on the effects of institutionalization on childrens well-being. Romanias Abandoned Children, the authoritative account of this landmark study, documents the devastating toll paid by children who are deprived of responsive care, social interaction, stimulation, and psychological comfort. Launched in 2000, the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (BEIP) was a rigorously controlled investigation of foster care as an alternative to institutionalization. Researchers included 136 abandoned infants and toddlers in the study and randomly assigned half of them to foster care created specifically for the project. The other half stayed in Romanian institutions, where conditions remained substandard. Over a twelve-year span, both groups were assessed for physical growth, cognitive functioning, brain development, and social behavior. Data from a third group of children raised by their birth families were collected for comparison. The study found that the institutionalized children were severely impaired in IQ and manifested a variety of social and emotional disorders, as well as changes in brain development. However, the earlier an institutionalized child was placed into foster care, the better the recovery. Combining scientific, historical, and personal narratives in a gripping, often heartbreaking, account, Romanias Abandoned Children highlights the urgency of efforts to help the millions of parentless children living in institutions throughout the world. **Review This book tackles one of the most fundamental questions about human development how do our early experiences shape our brain, body, and character? This is a landmark study of child development. (Avshalom Caspi, Duke University) When thousands of infants were abandoned, to be raised in large and impersonal institutions, a group of scientists took on the task of understanding how deprivation impacts the psychological, cognitive, and neurological development of very young children. This is a fascinating story with important social, cultural, and policy implications. (Joan Stiles, University of California, San Diego) Romanias Abandoned Childrendescribes the stark disadvantages faced by institutionalized children, whose cognitive development is likely to be irreversibly stunted if they stay in orphanages past age 2. (Tara Bahrampour Washington Post 2014-01-30) The publication of this book could help to spur efforts to offer foster care and adoption in Romania and in other countries as well. (Mary K. Rothbart and Michael I. Posner Times Higher Education 2014-03-13) For those interested in Romania or the region, the book offers an incisive and disturbing portrait of the benighted policies pursued in [the treatment of abandoned children]--and not only by Romania. The book also contains an excellent discussion of the controversies surrounding the issue of international adoption in the Romanian context, which should also prompt thought among those focused on the parallel Russian case. (Robert Levgold Foreign Affairs 2014-05-01) About the Author Charles A. Nelson is Professor of Pediatrics and Neuroscience at Harvard Medical School. Nathan A. Fox is Distinguished University Professor in the Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology at the University of Maryland. Charles H. Zeanah is Sellars Polchow Professor of Psychiatry at Tulane University.